Publications

2004

The Chicago Auditorium Re-visited. Advances in Geotechnical Engineering

Conference Paper

R.B. Peck, A. Powderham

Proc. Skempton Conf., London, (2004), 2, pp. 710-723.

Birth of a Theory. Advances in Geotechnical Engineering

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. Skempton Conf., London, (2004), 1, pp. 12-13.

Rion-Antirion Bridge Foundations: A Blend of Design and Construction Innovation

Conference Paper

R.B. Peck, G. L. Biesiadecki, R. Dobry and G. E. Leventis

Proc 5th Int. Conf. on Case Histories in Geotech. Engineering, New York, N.Y. (2004), Paper No. 1.74, 10 p.

Foundation-Soil-Inclusion Interaction Modeling for Rion-Antirion Bridge Seismic Analysis

Conference Paper

R.B. Peck, D. Yang and R. Dobry

Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Case Histories in Geotech. Engineering, New York, N.Y. (2004), Paper No. 6.20, 10 p.

Case Histories in Early Soil Mechanics

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Case Histories in Geotech. Engineering, New York, N.Y. (2004). Keynote, 2 p.

Book Review: Laurits Bjerrum – More than an Engineer. Ed. by Kaare Flaate, Elmo DiBiagio and Kåre Senneset

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Geotech. News, (2004), 22:2, pp. 32-33.

2003

Recollections of Laurits Bjerrum. Laurits Bjerrum – more than en engineer, Ed.: K. Flaate, E. DiBiagio and K. Senneset

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo (2003), pp. 86-89.

The Power of Observation

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Geotech. News, (2003) 21:4, pp. 29-30.

2002

Pioneers in Soil Mechanics: The Harvard/MIT Heritage

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Terzaghi’s Career at Harvard. Civil Engineering Practice, (2002), 17:2, pp. 40-41, 47-48.

2001

Foundation-Soil-Inclusion Interaction Modeling for Rion-Antirion Bridge Seismic Analysis

Conference Paper

R.B. Peck, D. Yang and R. Dobry

Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Recent Advances in Earthquake Geotech. Eng. and Soil Dynamics, San Diego, Cal., (2001), Paper No. 6.20, 9 p.

James P. Gould 1923-1998

Other

Ralph B. Peck

Memorial Tributes, National Acad. of Eng., (2001), 9, pp. 98-102.

The Observational Method can be Simple

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Geotechnical Engineering – Proc. Inst. of Civil Engineers, (2001), 149:2, pp. 71-74.

Site Characterization: Expect the Unexpected

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. Annual Kansas City Geotech. Conf., Univ. of Missouri, Kansas City, (2001), 6 p.

Embankment Dams -Instrumentation versus Monitoring

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Geotech. News, (2001), 19:3, pp. 29-30.

The Role of Global, National, and International Societies in Geotechnical Engineering

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Geotech. News, (2001); 19:3, pp. 46-47.

Alec Skempton 1914-2001

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Ground Eng., (2001), 34:9, p. 11.

Dams and Development

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

USSD Newsletter, (2001), July, pp. 8-10.

2000

Opportunities

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, A. Powderham

New Civil Eng., (2000), 6. Jan., p. 29.

A Look into the Future. Geo-Strata

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

ASCE, (2000), April, p. 5.

Risk Analysis for Dams; the Reluctant Conversion (?) of a Skeptic

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. Workshop on Risk Assessment for Seepage and Piping in Dams and Foundations, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, (2000), pp. 36-41.

Are the Glory Days all Behind us? Judgment and Innovation – the Heritage and Future of the Geotechnical Engineering Profession, (2000), pp.61-64

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

ASCE Geotech. Special Publ., 111.

One of Many Lessons from Terzaghi

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Ground Eng., (2000), 33: YGEC 2000 Suppl., Sept., pp. 6-7.

A Lesson from Terzaghi

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. GEOTECH-YEAR 2000, Developments in Geotech. Eng., AIT Bangkok, (2000), VI, p. 421.

Book Review: Going Underground: Tunneling Past, Present and Future, Ed. by J. K. Stine and H. Rosen, American Publ. Works Assn., 1998

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Journ. Soc. for Industrial Archeology, (2000), 26:1, pp. 123-124.

1999

Foreword to Karl Terzaghi – the Engineer as an Artist, by Richard E. Goodman

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

ASCE Press, Reston, Va. (1999), pp. ix, x.

Talking Point

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, A. Powderham

Ground Eng., (1999), 32:2, p. 3.

Six Decades of Subway Geo-Engineering: the Interplay of Theory and Practice

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. National Conf. Geo-Eng. for Underground Facilities, Urbana, Ill. (1999), pp. 1-15, ASCE Special Geotech. Publ., 90.

Don Bazett 1922-1999

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Geotech. News, (1999), 17:3, p. 18.

1998

Geotechnics – Hindcast and Forecast

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 13th Southeast Asian Geotech. Conf. Taipei (1998), 2, pp. 27-28.

Beware the Oddball. Urban Geotechnology and Rehabilitation, Seminar ASCE Metropolitan Section

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Geotech. Group, New York (1998), 7 p.

1997

Reminiscences of an American Geotechnical Engineer Consulting in Canada

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Geotechn. News, (1997), 15:4, pp. 54-58.

Discussion: Defects in Soft Clays: a Challenge to Site Characterization for Stability Analysis

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Journ. of Geotech. and Geoenv. Eng. ASCE, (1997), 123:11, pp. 1081-1083.

Gaining Ground

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Civil Eng. ASCE, (1997), 67:12, pp. 54-56.

GeoLogan 1997: Our Expanding Geo Industry: Triumphs and Perils

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Geotechn. News, (1997), 15:5, pp. 3-7.

1996

Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice. 3rd ed

Other

R.B. Peck, K. Terzaghi and G. Mesri

Wiley, New York (1996), 549 p.

Contributors to Engineering Judgment

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

The Bent of Tau Beta Pi, (1996), Spring, pp. 9, 16.

1994

Use and Abuse of Settlement Analysis

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. Settlement ‘94, College Station, Texas (1994), I, pp. 1-7, ASCE Geotech. Special Publ., 40.

Review: A Dedicated Team – Klohn Leonoff Consulting Engineers 1951-1991, by Cyril E. Leonoff

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Geotech. News, (1994), 12:4, pp. 62-63.

1993

With F.B. Slichter et. al. Geological Surprises at Itezhitezhi Dam, Zambia

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Case Histories in Geotech. Engineering, St. Louis, MO (1993), II, pp. 1207-1212.

Discussion: Estimation Earth Pressures due to Compaction

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Journ. of Geotech. Eng. ASCE, (1993), 119:7, pp. 1171-1172.

With. E.W. Brooker. Rational Design Treatment of Slides in Overconsolidated Clays and Clay Shales

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Canadian Geotech. Journ., (1993), 30:3, pp. 526-544.

Memorial to Ruth Doggett Terzaghi 1903-1992

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Geological Society of America, (1993), Dec.

The Coming of Age of Soil Mechanics: 1920-1970

Report

Ralph B. Peck

The First Spencer J. Buchanan Lecture, (1993), Texas A&M University, 15 p.

1992

Leo Casagrande 1903-1990

Other

R.B. Peck, A. Tedesko

Memorial Tributes, National Acad. of Eng., (1992), 5, pp. 41-45.

1991

Geotechnical Engineering … Then and Now

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Civil Eng. News, (1991) Aug., pp. 18-19.

1990

Fifty Years of Lateral Earth Support

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. ASCE Conf. on Design and Performance of Earth Retaining Structures, Ithaca (1990), pp. 1-7.

1989

Stanley DeWolf Wilson 1912-1985

Other

Ralph B. Peck

Memorial Tributes, National Acad. of Eng., (1989), 3, pp. 354-359.

Interface Between Core and Downstream Filter

Other

Ralph B. Peck

H. Bolton Seed Symposium Papers, (1989), 2, pp. 237-251, BiTech Publ., Vancouver.

1988

Foreword to Geotechnical Instrumentation for Monitoring Field Performance, by John Dunnicliff

Other

Ralph B. Peck

Wiley, New York (1988, 1993), pp. vii-ix.

Nature & the Civil Engineer

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Geotech. News, (1988), 6:2, pp. 6, 8.

Review: Geotechnical Instrumentation for Monitoring Field Performance, by John Dunnicliff

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Geotechn. News, (1988), 6:2, p. 28.

Growing Pains of a New Profession: Soil Mechanics 1925-1940

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

ASFE, Boston (1988). 11 p.

The Place of Stability Calculations in Evaluating the Safety of Existing Embankment Dams

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Civil Engineering Practice – Journ. Boston Soc. of Civ. Eng, (1988), 3:2, pp. 67-80.

1987

Editorial: Preserve the Environment or Change It? Environ

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Geol. Water Sci. (1987), 9:3, pp. 129-130.

Design for Constructability

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Foundation Drilling, Sept./Oct. 1987, pp. 22-28.

Discussion: Compaction–Induced Earth Pressures under Ko-Conditions

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, G. Mesri

Journ. of Geotech. Eng. ASCE, (1987), 113:11, pp. 1406-1408.

Message to Members of the Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Bangkok Post Supplement, (1987) Dec. 7, p. 2. Also in: Souvenir Volume, 20th Anniversary Celebration SE Asian Geotech. Society, and 9th SE Asian Geotech. Conf., (1987), p. 1.

1986

Foreword to Geotechnical Engineering Techniques and Practices, by Roy E. Hunt

Other

Ralph B. Peck

McGraw-Hill, New York (1986), p. XV.

Review: Canadian Foundation Engineering Manual, Second Edition

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Geotech. News, (1986), 4:1, pp. 11-12.

Review: Suit Is a Four Letter Word, by H. W. Nasmith

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Geotech. News, (1986), 4:3, p. 35.

1985

The Last Sixty Years

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Soil Mech., San Francisco (1985). Golden Jubilee Volume, Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 123-133.

1984

No Job Without Its Lesson

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Cancold Bull., March 1984, pp. 3, 4.

Judgment in Geotechnical Engineering, the Professional Legacy of Ralph B. Peck

Other

Ralph B. Peck

Wiley, New York (1984), 332 p. Reprinted by BiTech Publ., Vancouver (1991). John Dunnicliff and Don U. Deere, Eds.

Case Histories for Today's Geotechnique

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc Int. Conf. on Case Histories in Geotech. Engineering, Rolla, MO (1984), II, pp. 907-911.

State of the Art: Soft-Ground Tunneling. Tunnelling in Soil and Rock

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. Geotech 84 ASCE, Atlanta (1984), pp. 1-11. Closure. Journ. of Geotech. Eng. ASCE (1985), 111:5, pp. 678-679.

Arthur Casagrande 1902-1981. Memorial Tributes, National Acad

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, S. D. Wilson and H. B. Seed

Eng. (1984), 2, pp. 41-44.

1983

Nature Ignores Specialties

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Geotech. News, (1983), March-May, pp. 12-15.

Foreword to Geotechnical Engineering Investigation Manual, by Roy E. Hunt

Other

Ralph B. Peck

McGraw-Hill, New York (1983), pp. IX-X.

Geotechnical Engineering in Resource Development

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 7th Panamerican Conf. Soil Mech., Vancouver (1983), III, 853-860.

1982

Gleanings from 70 Failures

Report

Ralph B. Peck

ASCE Seminar on Found. Failures, Problems and Rehabilitation, New York (1982), 30 p.

Discussion: Laboratory Study of Hydraulic Fracturing

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Journ. ASCE (1982), GT11, 108, pp. 1498-1499.

Memorial to Kevin Nash

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 10th Int. Conf. Soil Mech., Stockholm (1982), Vol. 4, pp. 168-169.

Comments on Risk Analysis for Dams

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. Dam Safety Research Coordination Conf., Interagency Committee on Dam Safety, Research Subcommittee, Denver (1982), pp. II-2-11.

1981

Discussion: Dam Failure in Benefit/Cost Analyses

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Journ. ASCE (1981), GT4, 107, pp. 531-532.

Case Histories in Soil Mechanics

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Soil Mech., Tokyo (1981), Case History Volume, pp. 1-14.

Weathered-Rock Portion of the Wilson Tunnel, Honolulu. Soft-Ground Tunneling

Other

Ralph B. Peck

Eds. D. Resendiz and M.P. Romo, Balkema, Rotterdam (1981), pp. 13-22.

Investigating Residual Metamorphics for Tunnels

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 10th Int. Conf. Soil Mech., Stockholm (1981), I, pp. 341-344.

Preface to Soil Dynamics, by Shamsher Prakash

Other

Ralph B. Peck

McGraw-Hill, New York (1981), pp. XI-XII.

James Bay Project, Design and Performance of Dams

Report

Ralph B. Peck

1st Annual USCOLD Lecture, U.S. Comm. on Large Dams, N. Y. (1981), 14 p. 17 fig.

Effects of Groundwater on Planning, Design, and Construction

Report

Ralph B. Peck

ASCE Geotech. Lecture Series, Chicago (1981), 30 p.

1980

Subsurface Engineering

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Military Eng. , 72:467, May-June 1980, pp. 172-174.

Where Has All the Judgment Gone? Laurits Bjerrum Minneforedrag No.5, Norges Geotekniske Institutt, Oslo (1980), 5 p.; Also: Canadian

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Geotech. Journ. (1980), 17:4, pp. 584-590, and Norwegian Geotech. Inst. Publ. 134 (1980), pp. 1-5.

1979

Liquefaction Potential: Science Versus Practice

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Journ. ASCE (1979), GT3, 105, pp. 393-398. Closure (1980), GT6, 106, pp. 729-730.

Foreword to Slurry Walls. by P. P. Xanthakos

Other

Ralph B. Peck

McGraw-Hill, New York (1979), pp. XIII-XIV.

Laurits Bjerrum: Contributions to Mechanics of Rockslides

Other

Ralph B. Peck

Rockslides and Avalanches, Vol. 2, Barry Voight, Ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1979), pp. 134-147.

1978

Advice to a Young Engineer

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Military Eng., 69:450, July-Aug. 1977, pp. 232-234. Reprinted, Journ. Inst. Military Eng., India (1978), Vol. 30, No.2, pp. 39-42.

Let's Get It Straight About Those Dams

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Military Eng., 70:453, Jan.-Feb. 1978, pp. 20-23.

Five Lessons from Five Jobs. Original version, A Half Century in Geotechnics. Peynircioglu Jubilee Vol., E. Togrol, Ed., Tech Univ., Istanbul (1978), pp. 85-91. Edited version

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Military Eng., 70:457, Sept.-Oct. 1978, pp. 323-325.

Safety of Foundations for Earth and Rock Fill Dams

Report

Ralph B. Peck

ASCE Soil Mech. Lecture Series, Chicago (1978), pp. 1-56.

1977

The Role of Theory in Geotechnical Field Observations. Structural and Geotechnical Mechanics, W

Other

R.B. Peck, D. U. Deere

J. Hall, Ed., Prentice-Hall, New Jersey (1977), pp. 204-219.

Pitfalls of Overconservatism in Geotechnical Engineering

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Civil Eng. ASCE, 47:2, Feb. 1977, pp. 62-66.

Rock Foundations for Structures

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. ASCE Conf. on Rock Eng. for Found. and Slopes, Boulder (1977), II, pp. 1-21.

Foreword to Award-Winning ASCE Papers in Geotechnical Engineering 1950-1959

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

ASCE (1977), p. III.

Vignettes of Four Presidents, 1936-1969

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Soil Mech., Tokyo (1977), Vol. 3, pp. 285-290.

1976

Tunneling in Soft Ground -Geotechnical Considerations

Report

Ralph B. Peck

DOT Seminar on Underground Construction, Vail, Colo. (1976), 24 p.

Performance of Lateral Support Systems

Report

Ralph B. Peck

ASCE Geotechnical Lecture Series on Lateral Earth Pressures, Boston (1976), 25 p.

On Being Your Own Engineer

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Civil Eng. Alumni Assoc. Newsletter, Univ. of Ill., Urbana, Illinois, Fall 1976, pp. 4-5.

Report to U.S. Dept. of the Interior and State of Idaho on Failure of Teton Dam

Report

R.B. Peck, W. L. Chadwick et al

Dec. 31, 1976, Superintendent Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, 219 p, 7 app.

1975

Book review: Settlement of Structures Conference, Pentech Press, London, 1975

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Géotechnique, Sept. 1975, 25, p. 627.

Karl Terzaghi and the Chicago Subway

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Journ. ASCE (1975), EI 4, 101, pp. 477-484. Closure (1977), EI 1, 103, pp. 64-65.

The Selection of Soil Parameters for the Design of Foundations

Report

Ralph B. Peck

2nd Nabor Carrillo Lecture. Mexican Soc. for Soil Mech. (1975), 64 p.

Landslides and Their Prevention

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 4th Guelph Symp. on Geomorphology. Univ. of Guelph, Ont., (1975), pp. 133-136.

Lateral Pressures Against Tunnels

Report

Ralph B. Peck

ASCE Seminar on Lateral Soil Pressures, Dayton, Ohio (1975), 13 p.

1974

Foundation Engineering, 2nd Ed

Other

R.B. Peck, W. E. Hanson and T. H. Thornburn

Wiley, New York (1974), 514 p.

The Technology of Underground Construction, Present and Future

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 2nd North American Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conf, San Francisco (1974), Vol. 1, pp. 5-14.

Computer Applications in Construction Engineering

Report

R.B. Peck, A. J. Hendron Jr

ASCE Soil Mech. Lecture Series, Evanston, Ill. (1974), pp. 103-106.

Experience in Teaching Engineering Judgment by Case Histories in Foundation Engineering

Conference Paper

R.B. Peck, H. O. Ireland

Proc. ASCE Conf on Eng. Education, Ohio State Univ. (1974), Vol. 1, pp. 187-192.

Analysis and Design in Geotechnical Engineering: Conference Overview

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc . ASCE Conf on Analysis and Design in Geotech. Eng., Austin (1974), II, pp. 127-131.

1973

Influence of Nontechnical Factors on the Quality of Embankment Dams. Embankment-Dam Engineering

Other

Ralph B. Peck

Casagrande Volume, Wiley, New York (1973), pp. 201-208.

The Civil Engineering Mind -Nature and Nurture

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Journ. Boston Soc. Civil Eng., Oct. 1973, 60, pp. 135-144.

Relationship between the Settlement of Soft Clays and Excess Pore Pressure due to Imposed Loads

Conference Paper

R.B. Peck, Y. C. E. Chang and B. Broms

Proc. 8th Int. Conf Soil Mech., Moscow (1973), 1.1, pp. 93-96.

Opening Remarks

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 8th Int. Conf Soil Mech., Moscow (1973), 4.1, p. 153.

Presidential Address: The Direction of Our Profession

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 8th Int. Conf Soil Mech., Moscow (1973), 4.1, pp. 156-159.

Remarks at Closing Session

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc.8th Int. Conf Soil Mech., Moscow (1973), 4.1, pp. 173, 183, 184.

Comments on Deep foundations

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 8th Int. Conf Soil Mech., Moscow (1973), 4.2, p. 73.

Comments on Problems in Soil Mechanics and Construction on Soft Clays and Structurally Unstable Soils

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 8th Int. Conf Soil Mech., Moscow (1973), 4.2, pp. 99-100.

Discussion: Lateral Pressures of Clayey Soils on Structures

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 8th Int. Conf Soil Mech., Moscow (1973), 4.3, p. 232.

Techniques and Equipment for Large Tunnels -Current and Future

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

AWWA, Dec. 1973, pp. 783-785.

Braced Wall and Tieback Systems

Report

Ralph B. Peck

ASCE Soil Mech. Lecture Series, Chicago (1973), pp. 1-13.

Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice: The Story of a Manuscript, 1942-1948

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Terzaghi Memorial Lectures, Bogazici Univ., Istanbul (1973), pp. 50-77.

1972

Soil-Structure Interaction

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. ASCE Conf. on Performance of Earth and Earth-Supported Structures, Purdue Univ. (1972), Vol. 2, pp. 145-154.

Opening Remarks: Session V. Soil-Structure Interaction

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. ASCE Conf. on Performance of Earth and Earth-Supported Structures, Purdue Univ. (1972), Vol. 3, pp. 249-250.

Observation and Instrumentation: Some Elementary Considerations. U.S. Dept. of Trans., Fed

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Highway. Admin., Highway Focus, Vol. 4, No.2 (1972), pp. 1-5.

With A

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

J. Hendron, Jr., and B. Mohraz. State of the Arts of Soft-Ground Tunneling. Proc 1st North American Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conf., Chicago (1972), Vol. l, pp. 259-286.

Slope Failures in an Overconsolidated Clay, Seattle, Washington

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, D. J. Palladino

Géotechnique, Dec. 1972, 22, pp. 563-595.

Closing Address

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 5th European Conf on Soil Mech., Madrid (1972), Vol. 2, pp. 349-351.

Preface to: The Penetrometer and Soil Exploration, by G. Sanglerat

Other

Ralph B. Peck

Elsevier, Amsterdam (1972), pp. VII-VIII.

Braced Cuts in Sand and Clay

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, K. Flaate

Veglaboratoriet, Oslo. Meddelelse No. 41, (1972), pp. 7-29. Also published as Norwegian Geotech. Inst. Publ. 96 (1973), pp. 7-29.

1971

Tunneling-Where are We Going? Proc. Soil Mech. and Found

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Eng. Conf., Univ. of Kansas (1971), 5 p.

Heave and Lateral Movements Due to Pile Driving

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, D. J. Hagerty

Journ. ASCE (1971), SM11, 97, pp. 1513-1532.

Discussion: The Standard Penetration Test

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 4th Panamerican Conf. Soil Mech., Puerto Rico (1971) III, pp. 59-61.

Discussion: Slope Stability in Residual Soils

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 4th Panamerican Conf. Soil Mech., Puerto Rico (1971) III, p. 126.

Preface to the Armenian and Russian Translations, Advantages and Limitations of the Observational Method in Applied Soil Mechanics

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Problems of Geomechanics, Yerevan (1971), Vol. 5, pp. 30-57. (Transl. by G. TerStepanian.)

1970

Discussion: Representative Sampling in Location, Quality, and Size

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ. 483 (1970), pp. 107-108.

Linii de Influenta Pentru Grinzi Torsionate pe Mediu Elastic (Influence Lines for Twisted Beams on Elastic Foundations)

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, V. Pop and S. Birger

Buletinul Stiintific al lnstitutului Politehnic din Cluj, Romania (1970), pp. 435-444.

With D. U. Deere, H. W Parker

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

J. E. Monsees, and B. Schmidt. Design of Tunnel Support Systems. Highway Res. Record, No.339 (1970), pp. 26-33.

Applied Soil Mechanics

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 2nd Southeast Asian Conf. on Soil Eng., Singapore (1970), pp. 622-628.

Foundations for High-Rise Buildings

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 2nd Southeast Asian Conf. on Soil Eng., Singapore (1970), pp. 629-638.

Field Measurements-Underground Structures

Report

Ralph B. Peck

ASCE Soil Mech. Lecture Series, Chicago (1970), pp. 91-115.

1969

Discussion: Settlement of Spread Footings on Sand

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, A. R. S. Bazaraa

Journ. ASCE (1969), SM3, 95, pp. 905-909.

Deep Excavations and Tunneling in Soft Ground

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

State of the Art Volume, 7th Int. Conf. Soil Mech., Mexico (1969), pp. 225-290.

General Report: Deep Excavations and Tunneling in Soft Ground

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Soil Mech., Mexico (1969), 3, pp. 147-150.

Discussions: Proc. 7th Int

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Conf. Soil Mech., Mexico (1969),3, pp. 328,329, 330, 359, 360, 361.

A Man of Judgment. Second R. P. Davis Lecture on the Practice of Engineering, W Va

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Univ. Bull. Series 70, No.5-2, Nov. 1969, 10 p.

Advantages and Limitations of the Observational Method in Applied Soil Mechanics. Ninth Rankine Lecture

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Géotechnique, June 1969, 19, pp. 171-187.

Tolerable Settlements of Steam Turbine-Generators

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, J. R. Salley

Journ. ASCE (1969), PO2, 95, pp. 227-252.

1968

Problems and Opportunities -Technology's Legacy from the Quaternary

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. Symp. on The Quaternary of Ill., Univ. of Ill. Coll. Agr. Spec. Publ. No. 14 (1968), pp. 138-144.

1967

Bearing Capacity and Settlement: Certainties and Uncertainties

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. Symp. Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Found. , Duke Univ. (1967), pp. 3-7.

Philosophy of Foundation Design: Questions

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. Symp. Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Found., Duke Univ. (1967), pp. 86-88.

Philosophy of Foundation Design: Discussions

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. Symp. Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Found., Duke Univ. (1967), pp. 89-90.

Stability of Natural Slopes

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Journ. ASCE (1967), SM4, 93, pp. 403-417.

Tunnel

Other

Ralph B. Peck

Encyclopaedia Britannica (1967).

Discussion: Portage Mountain Dam 11. Materials

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Canadian Geot. Journ., (1967), IV: 2, pp. 166-172.

Discussion: Analysis of Soil Liquefaction: Niigata Earthquake

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Journ. ASCE (1967), SM5, 93, pp. 365-366.

Fundamentals of Compaction

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. Montana Conf. Soil Mech., (1967), pp. 1-9.

Discussions: Proc

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Montana Conf. Soil Mech., (1967), pp. 26,27,41,42,61, 62, 77, 78, 81-85.

Conference Summation Comments

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. Montana Conf. Soil Mech., (1967), pp. 87-89.

Earthquakes and Liquefaction

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. Montana Conf. Soil Mech., (1967), pp. 91-95.

Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, 2nd Ed

Other

R.B. Peck, K. Terzaghi

Wiley, New York (1967), 729 p.

1965

Pile and Pier Foundations

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Journ. ASCE, SM2, March 1965, 91, pp. 33-38.

Reflections on Dr. Karl Terzaghi

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Soil Mech., Montreal (1965), III, pp. 77-78.

1964

Foundation Behavior of Iron Ore Storage Yards

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, T. Raamot

Journ. ASCE, SM3, May 1964, 90, pp. 85-122. Closing discussion: 91, pp. 193-195.

Editorial on Substructure and Superstructure Design

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Journ. ASCE, ST4, Part 2, Aug. 1964, 90, pp. 1-2.

Foundations, Structural

Other

Ralph B. Peck

Encyclopaedia Britannica (1964).

1963

Discussion: Friction Pile Groups in Cohesive Soil

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, M. T. Davisson

Journ. ASCE, SM1. Feb. 1963. 89, pp. 279-285.

Genera1 Report: Field Investigations

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 2nd Panamerican Conf. Soil Mech., Brazil (1963), II, pp. 449-455,524-525, 548-549.

Discussion: Piled Foundations

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 2nd Panamerican Conf. Soil Mech., Brazil (1963), II, pp. 641-642.

Karl Terzaghi, 1883-1963. Thoughts Occasioned by the Centenary of his Birth

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Géotechnique, Sept. 1983, 33, pp. 349-350.

1962

Recent Practices for Foundations of High Buildings in Chicago

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, S. Berman

Symp. on The Design of High Buildings. Golden Jubilee Cong., Sept. 1961. Hong Kong Univ. Press (1962), pp. 85-98.

Discussion: Engineering Geology on the Job and in the Classroom

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Journ. Boston Soc. Civil Eng., Jan. 1962, 49, pp. 73-78.

Discussion: Past and Future of Applied Soil Mechanics

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Journ. Boston Soc. Civil Eng., Jan. 1962, 49, pp. 96-100.

Discussion: Design and Stability Considerations for Unique Pier

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, M. T. Davisson

Trans. ASCE (1962), 127 Part IV, pp. 413-424.

Art and Science in Subsurface Engineering

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Géotechnique, March 1962, 12, pp. 60-66.

Contributions to Panel Discussion on Pile Foundations

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 5th Int. Conf Soil Mech., Paris (1962), III, pp. 243-244.

Contributions to Panel Discussion on Earth Pressures

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 5th Int. Conf Soil Mech.. Paris (1962). III, p. 328.

Discussion: Replies and General Summary. Session II: Foundations

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Symp. Design of High Buildings. Univ. of Hong Kong (1962). pp. 103-125.

Discussion: General Summary

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Special Session on Foundation Engineering. Symp. Design of High Buildings, Univ. of Hong Kong (1962), pp. 126-138.

1961

Soil Mechanics

Other

Ralph B. Peck

Encyclopaedia Britannica (1961).

Quicksand

Other

Ralph B. Peck

Encyclopaedia Britannica (1961).

Full-Scale Lateral Load Test of a Retaining Wall Foundation

Conference Paper

R.B. Peck, H. O. Ireland

Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Soil Mech., Paris (1961), II, pp. 453-458.

Records of Load Tests on Friction Piles

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Highway Res. Board Special Report 67 (1961), 412 p.

1960

The Teaching and Practice of Soil Mechanics--A Second Comparison

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Journ. ASEE, Jan. 1960, 50, pp. 309-311.

Investigation of Landslides for Planning Remedial Measures

Conference Paper

R.B. Peck, D. U. Deere

Proc. AREA (1960), 61, pp. 670-611.

Discussion: Compressibility as the Basis for Soil Bearing Value

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Journ. ASCE, SM1 (1960), 86, pp. 79-80.

Discussion: Major Power Station Foundation in Broken Limestone

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Journ. ASCE, SM1 (1960), 86, pp. 95-98.

Discussion: Tests of Steel Tubular Piles Driven near Saigon River, Vietnam

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Highway Res. Board Bull. 242 (1960), p. 40.

With A. Casagrande, L. Bjerrum, and A. W Skempton. From Theory to Practice in Soil Mechanics

Other

Ralph B. Peck

Wiley, New York (1960), 425p.

Foundation

Other

Ralph B. Peck

Encyclopaedia Americana (1960).

Discussion: Failure Hypotheses for Soils

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. Res. Conf on Shear Strength of Cohesive Soils, Boulder, Colo., June 1960, pp. 987-989.

With John Lowe, III. Moderator's Report: Shear Strength of Undisturbed Cohesive Soils

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. Res. Conf. on Shear Strength of Cohesive Soils, Boulder, Colo., June 1960, pp. 1137-1140.

1959

A Study of the Comparative Behavior of Friction Piles

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Highway Res. Abstracts, April 1959, 29, pp. 30-39.

Summary, Bearing Capacity of Structures on Compacted Soils

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 7th Annual Conf Soil Mech., Univ. of Minn. (1959), pp. 25-26.

1958

Stability of Cuts in Fine Sands and Varved Clays, Northern Pacific Railway, Noxon Rapids Line Change, Montana

Conference Paper

R.B. Peck, D. U. Deere

Proc. AREA (1958), 59, pp. 807-815.

Discussion: Consultants, Clients and Contractors

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Journ. Boston Soc. Civil Eng., Jan. 1958, 45, pp. 34-37; Also Harvard Univ. Soil Mech. Series 54.

A Study of the Comparative Behavior of Friction Piles

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Highway Res. Board Special Report 36 (1958), 72 p.

1957

Specifications for Design of Spread Footing Foundations

Conference Paper

R.B. Peck, C. C. Cooke et al

Proc. AREA (1957), 58, pp. 633-648.

Stabilization of an Ore Pile by Drainage

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, K. Terzaghi

Journ. ASCE, 83 (1957), SM1, pp. 1-13.

Discussion: Experiences with Loess as a Foundation Material

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, H. O. Ireland

Journ. ASCE, 83 (1957), SM1, pp. 21-34.

Discussion: Soil Modulus for Laterally Loaded Piles

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, M. T. Davisson and Vello Hansen

Journ. ASCE, 83, (1957), SM2, pp. 1228/22-1228/28.

Backfill Guide

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, H. O. Ireland

Journ. ASCE, 83 (1957), ST4, pp. 1-10.

1956

Discussion: The Action of Soft Clay along Friction Piles

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, J. D. Parsons

Journ. ASCE, 82 (1956), SM3, pp. 1028/10-1028/11; Also Trans. ASCE, 122, (1957), pp. 758-760.

Relocation of Railroad Embankment, O'Hare Field. Chicago

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. AREA (1956), 57, pp. 649-657.

Stabilization by Electro-Osmosis

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. AREA (1956), 57, pp. 658-660.

Field Observations on Sand Drain Construction on Two Highway Projects in Illinois

Conference Paper

R.B. Peck, T. H. Wu

Proc. Highway Res. Board (1956), 35, pp. 747-753.

Discussion: The Allowable Settlements of Buildings

Conference Paper

R.B. Peck, D. U. Deere and J. L. Capacete

Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., Part III, (1956), 5, pp. 778-781.

1955

Foundation Conditions in the Cuyahoga River Valley

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. ASCE 80, Separate 513, Oct. 1954, 20p. Closure: Proc. ASCE 81, Separate 658, 1955, pp. 7-8.

Observed and Computed Settlements of Structures in Chicago

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, M. E. Uyanik

Univ. of Ill. Eng. Exp. Sta. Bull. 429, (1955), 60 p.

The Place of Soil Mechanics in Construction

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Civil Eng. Bull. ASEE, May 1955, pp. 4-5.

With A. W Skempton and D. H. MacDonald. Settlement Analyses of Six Structures in Chicago and London

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. Inst. Civil. Eng. , Ju1y 1955, pp. 525-544.

Stabilization by Pressure Grouting on American Railroads

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, Rockwell Smith

Géotechnique, Sept. 1955, pp. 243-252.

Illinois Central Relocation at Grenada Reservoir

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. AREA (1955), 56, pp. 702-706.

1954

With W C. Reed. Engineering Properties of Chicago Subsoils

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Univ. of Ill. Eng. Exp. Sta. Bull. 423, (1954), 62 p.

Failures Induced by Weight of Fill

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. AREA (1954), 55, pp. 645-651.

Lateral Forces Beneath Fills

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. AREA (1954), 55, pp. 1057-1062.

1953

The Bearing-Capacity Failure of the Transcona Elevator

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, P. G. Bryant

Géotechnique, March 1953, pp. 201-208.

Local Materials in High Andes Prove Suitable for Rolled-Fill Dam

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, A. E. Cummings

Civil Eng., May 1953, pp. 293-296.

The Influence of Subsurface Conditions on the Design of Foundations for Waterfront Structures in the Great Lakes Area

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 4th Conf Coastal Eng., Chicago, Oct. 1953, pp. 291-305.

Foundation Exploration -Denver Coliseum

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. ASCE 79, Separate 326, Nov. 1953, 14 pp. Discussion: Separate 478, Aug. 1954, p. 45.

With W E. Hanson and T. H. Thornburn. Foundation Engineering

Other

Ralph B. Peck

Wiley, New York (1953), 410 p.

Specifications for Design of Retaining Walls and Abutments

Conference Paper

R.B. Peck, L. P. Drew, et al

Proc. AREA (1953), 54, pp. 797-813.

Investigation of Stability Problems

Conference Paper

R.B. Peck, H. O. Ireland

Proc. AREA (1953), 54, pp. 1116-1128.

General Report: Piles and Pile Foundations

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 3rd Int. Conf Soil Mech., Zurich (1953), II, pp. 345-348.

With W E. Hanson and T. H. Thornburn. Foundation Engineering -Footings on Typical Sandy and Clayey Soils

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Progressive Architecture, Dec. 1953, pp. 95-101.

1952

Selection of Foundations for Engineering Structures

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. 2nd Int. Conf Soil Mech., Univ. of Ill. (1952), pp. 113-118.

The Bearing Capacity of Clays

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. AREA (1952), 53, pp. 1057-1061.

Soil Mechanics as Related to Substructure Design. Louisiana State Univ. .Eng . Exp. Sta

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Bull. 30, (1952), pp. 5-11.

1951

Studies of Soil Characteristics, the Earth Flows of St. Thuribe, Quebec

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, H.O. Ireland and T.S. Fry

Univ. of Ill. Soil Mechanics Series (1951), 1, 9 p.

1950

Effect of Driving Piles into Soft Clay

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, A. E. Cummings and G. Q. Kerkhoff

Trans. ASCE (1950), 115, pp. 275-285. Discussion pp. 346-350.

Soil Mechanics: The Simple, Practical Approach Can Be Fruitful

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Modern Railroads, Ju1y 1950, pp. 59-62.

1949

Discussion: Lateral Earth Pressures on Flexible Retaining Walls

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Trans. ASCE (1949), 114, pp. 507-510.

Laboratory Studies of Roadbed Stabilization

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. AREA (1949), 50, pp. 676-683; Also published as Univ. of Ill. Eng. Exp. Sta. Reprint Series 42. (1949), 10 p.

The Future of Soil Mechanics in Railroad Engineering

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. AREA (1949), 50, pp. 870-872.

1948

Stabilizing Embankment Slides

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Railway. Eng. and Maint. , Jan. 1948, pp. 65-66.

The Mechanics of Small Earth Dams

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Agr. Eng., May 1948, pp. 210-214.

History of Building Foundations in Chicago

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Univ. of Ill. Eng. Exp. Sta. Bull. 373 (1948), 62 p.

Description of a Flow Slide in Loose Sand

Conference Paper

R.B. Peck, W.V. Kaun

Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Soil Mech., Rotterdam (1948), II, pp. 31-33.

Experience with Flexible Culverts through Railroad Embankments

Conference Paper

R.B. Peck, O. K. Peck

Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Soil Mech., Rotterdam (1948), II, pp. 95-98.

A Study of Retaining Wall Failures

Conference Paper

R.B. Peck, H. O. Ireland and C. Y. Teng

Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Soil Mech., Rotterdam (1948), III, pp. 296-299.

Measurements of Pressures against a Deep Shaft in Plastic Clay

Conference Paper

R.B. Peck, S. Berman

Proc. 2nd lnt. Conf. Soil Mech.. Rotterdam (1948), III, pp. 300-301.

Settlement Observations on a Large Water Tank, Salt Lake City, Utah

Conference Paper

R.B. Peck, O. K. Peck

Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Soil Mech., Rotterdam (1948), IV, pp. 1-3.

Settlement of Foundation Due to Saturation of Loess Subsoil

Conference Paper

R.B. Peck, O. K. Peck

Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Soil Mech., Rotterdam (1948), IV, pp. 4-5.

A Study of Retaining Wall Failures

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. AREA (1948), 49, pp. 660-666.

Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice

Other

R.B. Peck, K. Terzaghi

Wiley, New York (1948), 566 p.

1947

Second Progress Report of the Investigation of Methods of Roadbed Stabilization

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. AREA (1947), 48, pp. 491-543.

1946

First Progress Report of the Joint Investigation of Methods of Roadbed Stabilization

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. AREA (1946), 47, pp. 324-353.

1944

Discussion: Pendleton Levee Failure

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Trans. ASCE (1944), 109, pp. 1414-1416.

Fifty Years Ago

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, M. E. Uyanik

Ill. Technograph, Oct. 1944, pp. 14-15.

1943

Earth-Pressure Measurements in Open Cuts, Chicago (Ill.) Subway

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Trans. ASCE (1943), 108, pp. 1008-1036. Discussion: pp. 1097-1103.

1942

Open Cut Soil Pressures. Response to Letter to the Editor

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, R.S. Knapp

Eng. News Rec., March 26, 1942.

Discussion: Pile-Driving Formulas. Progress Report of the Committee on the Bearing Value of Pile Foundations

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. ASCE, Feb. 1942; Also Harvard Univ. Soil Mech. Series, 17, pp. 29-30.

Factors Entering into the Determination of Allowable Loads on Chicago Sub-soils

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Journ. Western Soc. Eng. (1942), 47, pp. 69-78.

1941

The Teaching and Practice of Soil Mechanics -A Critical Comparison

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Soc. for Promotion of Eng. Education, Civil Eng. Div. Ann Arbor, Mich. (1941), 6 pp.

The Measurement of Earth Pressures on the Chicago Subway

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

ASTM Bull., Aug. 1941, 111, pp. 25-30.

Soil Mechanics on the Chicago Subway

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Ill. Tech. Eng., Oct. 1941, pp. 7-12.

Open-Cut Soil Pressures on Chicago Subway

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, R. S. Knapp

Eng. News Rec., Nov. 20, 1941, pp. 87-90.

1940

Sampling Methods and Laboratory Tests for Chicago Subway Soils

Conference Paper

Ralph B. Peck

Proc. Purdue Conf. Soil Mech. and its Applications. July 1940, pp. 140-150.

1939

Soil Tests Check Chicago Subway Work

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Eng. News-Rec., Dec. 7, 1939, pp. 87-88.

1936

Discussion: The Shear-Area Method

Journal Article

Ralph B. Peck

Trans. ASCE (1936), 101, pp. 992-993. With E. C. Ingalls. Discussion: Analysis of Vierendeel Trusses. Trans. ASCE (1937), 102, pp. 925-926.

1902

Arthur Casagrande, 1902-1981, a Tribute

Journal Article

R.B. Peck, S. D. Wilson and H. B. Seed

Géotechnique, June 1982, 32, pp. 87-94.

Abbreviations

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1989

1988

1987

1986

1985

1984

1983

1982

1981

1980

1979

1978

1977

1976

1975

1974

1973

1972

1971

1970

1969

1968

1967

1965

1964

1963

1962

1961

1960

1959

1958

1957

1956

1955

1954

1953

1952

1951

1950

1949

1948

1947

1946

1944

1943

1942

1941

1940

1939

1936

1902